The effects and implications of using ergogenic aids for exercise and sports performance

Throughout the history of sport, ergogenic aids have always been taken to enhance performance at sport. However, in more recent times physiological knowledge has improved and there are many more ergogenic aids becoming available for athletes. Some of these aids are legal and some are illegal. Therefore, when working as a coach, it is important to know which are legal and which are illegal so that you can avoid any risk of your athlete being prosecuted. One ergogenic aid that is prohibited is blood doping. This practice involves the athletes taking a certain amount of blood out of their body and frozen. Their bodies will then make up for this blood loss and after that process is complete, the blood that they took out is injected back into them. This process has a positive effect on sports performance as the number of red blood cells in your body is increased. Blood doping is most commonly used by endurance athletes, such as distance runners, skiers and cyclists. By increasing the number of red blood cells within the blood, higher volumes of haemoglobin are present. Haemoglobin binds to and carries Oxygen from the lungs and to the muscles where it can be used for aerobic respiration. Blood doping therefore allows extra Oxygen to be transported to the working muscles, resulting in a higher level of performance, without the use of the anaerobic energy systems. However, there are also many side effects to blood doping. Re injecting blood can cause many problems. Firstly it can easily cause infection to the athlete which can result in heart problems such as a heart attack. It can also cause blood clots in the body which can be fatal, jaundice which is the skin, eyes and body fluids turning yellow. One example of blood doping being used was at the winter Olympics. Six Austrian skiers had all been found to be using to using blood doping in an attempt to improve in the cross country skiing event. The skiers were called Wolfgang Perner and Wolfgang Rottmann and the cross-country skiers Martin Tauber, Jurgen Pinter, Johannes Eder, Roland Diethart and Christian Hoffmann. This particular event is an aerobic event as it lasts for a long time, with the competitors covering huge distances. Therefore the extra red blood cells in their bodies would have meant that they were able to go on much longer and faster than they would normally be able to. As a punishment, all six skiers were banned for life from the Olympics A second example of a prohibited ergogenic aid in sport is diuretics. Diuretics are banned in sports because they can help with weight loss and could also be used to speed up the elimination of drugs from the system. This can be very helpful to athletes competing in many different sports such as boxing, horse racing or rowing. One example would be a boxer that has put on weight between fights and is therefore too heavy for the weight category they are fighting in. Diuretics would help them to lose weight much more quickly than by natural means and they would be able to pass the weigh in. They help the sportsperson lose weight by increasing the volume of urine produced by promoting the excretion of salts and water from the kidney. This results in them losing a lot of water through urine, which causes them to lose weight very quickly. The second reason they are banned is, if you take a banned substance that is excreted through urine, it could speed up the elimination of drugs from the system. If it is being used in this way, it is not so much an aid to improve performance but could cover up for another prohibited aid. There are two main side effects to diuretics that damage a persons performance levels in sport. The first of these is dehydration. Diuretics work by removing all excess water and this means that dehydration often occurs. This will immediately have an effect on sports performance. Firstly, blood will become thicker and therefore more difficult to pump around the body, resulting in less oxygen being carried through the blood to the muscles. The body will then overheat due to an inability to sweat because of dehydration. Finally, Waste products such as lactic acid are not discreeted due to water conversation. A second effect on sports performance is muscles weakening, which is very important for sports people such as boxers. This is due to the poor blood supply to muscles. An example of the consequences that diuretics can cause is in boxers. They used to have the weigh in on the day of the fight. This meant that any boxer using diuretics would have to use them on the same day as they were fighting. The diuretics would get rid of any excess water in the body but the problem was that it took away the layer of water between the skull and the brain. This layer of liquid protects the brain from hitting the side of the skull when knocked. Therefore, without this protection, many boxers developed brain damage after years of boxing. Another prohibited ergogenic aid is beta blockers. Beta blockers are banned in many sports due to their ability to slow the heart rate. It is precision sports such as snooker, darts and diving that they improve performance in as they give you more control over slight movements. Beta blockers are normally given for the treatment of angina, high blood pressure, irregular heart beats or following a heart attack. They act by interfering and inhibiting certain nerve impulses being transmitted through the nervous system. They act by reducing the demand of oxygen required by the heart, lower heart rate and reduce the production of adrenalin. There are many possible side-effects of these drugs, but some people may not suffer from any. Possible effects include dizziness and fainting caused by the medications lowering heart rate too much and blood vessels can narrow causing cold and pale fingers and toes. On the other hand, there are also permitted ergogenic aids. This means that they can improve sports performance, but are still allowed by governing bodies of sports. One example of this is altitude training. Altitude training is very useful to any sports people that are competing in aerobic events. Many long distance runners either come from countries at high altitude or move there to train. Altitude training works because when the athlete trains at high altitude, there is very little oxygen in the air. The body soon adapts to this change of oxygen available and produces more red blood cells than normal. This means that there is increased haemoglobin levels in the blood that aren't lost when the athlete returns back to lower altitude to compete. These effects usually last for about two weeks after altitude training and result in much better endurance levels. There are very few side effects to altitude training as long as athletes do not over train themselves at altitude. It has been scientifically proven to have positive effects on performance. Altitude training is proven to have a positive effect on sporting performance b the Kenyan long distance runners. For years they have dominated all long distance running events. Kenya is at a very high altitude and the effects that the athletes get from training in their home country is proven in the times on the track. Another permitted ergogenic aid is psychological techniques. The increased stress of competitions can cause athletes to react both physically and mentally in a manner that can negatively affect their performance abilities. They may become tense, their heart rates race, break into sweat, worry about the outcome of the competition or find it hard to concentrate on the task in hand. There are many different psychological techniques that can be used to combat these effects on the body. These include imagery techniques, relaxation techniques and goal setting. There are three psychological factors which athletes must have control over to improve performance. These are confidence, control and commitment. Confidence is improved through mental imagery. Using imagery, the athlete is able to imagine a previous good performance, remembering how they felt and acted. It also allows you to imagine yourself winning at the end, feeling like you have already been in the same situation and improving confidence. Control is improved through relaxation techniques. An example of a relaxation technique is through meditation. If athletes complete meditation before competing, they will be able to be much more relaxed and have control over what they are doing. The final technique that athletes can use is goal setting, which can improve commitment in sport. If they are given something to aim for, with multiple small aims along the way, they are more likely to complete any objectives they have. There are no side effects to psychological techniques as long as they have the necessary skills to complete them. An example of psychological skills improving performance in sport is through Johnny Wilkinson. Whenever he is kicking a conversion, he pictures an elderly woman standing at the other side of the goal posts that catches the ball. This improves confidence and concentration as it makes the task at hand seem much simpler. One of the very few drugs that is allowed my governing bodies of all sports is paracetamol. These have been seen to not improve sporting performance and therefore are not banned. However, they could be used to help a performance in certain sports. Paracetamol work as pain killers. Therefore, any sport that requires its participants to go through pain may benefit from paracetamol. One example of a sport where athletes go through pain in is boxing. If boxers took some paracetamol before going out to fight, it is possible that it will help cover some of the pain when they are getting punched. They are most commonly used for aches such as head aches so they may also stop the boxers from getting head aches after being punched. It is not just contact sports however that deal with aches and pains. Nearly all sports at the top level require its participants to push their bodies to their absolute limit and through the pain barrier. A sport such as long distance running for example will cause a lot of aches on the athlete's body and paracetamol will help cover these. There are very few side effects to paracetamol as they are widely used by everyone to stop pains. This means that we know more about the dangers than we would of a new drug that may be illegal, as it is used by less people. The only danger would be if the athlete took an overdose which could cause serious problems or be fatal.

Srs for Online Attendance Maintainance System - 6178 Words

Table of Contents 1. Introduction 1. Purpose 2. Scope 3. Intended Audience 4. Definition, Acronyms, and Abbreviations 5. References 6. Technologies to be used 7. Overview 2. Overall Description 1. Product Perspective 2. Product Functionality 3. User and Characteristics 4. Operating Environment 5. Design and Implementation Constraints 6. User Documentation 7. Assumptions and Dependencies 3. Specific Requirements 1. User Interface 2. Software Interface 3. Hardware Interface 4. Communicational Interfaces 5. Functional Requirements 4. Behavior Requirements 4.1 Use Case View 5. Other†¦show more content†¦For this application we have provided the following modules and features. ⠝â€" Admin o Add Modify details of ââ€" ª student ââ€" ª faculty ââ€" ª subject ⠝â€" Office Staff o Generate various types of reports o Send notice to black listed students ⠝â€" Faculty o Attendance on basis of ââ€" ª subject ââ€" ª day by day o Check various generated Reports Existing system The type of the system any institute uses always plays an important role in management of the institute. Better the form, efficiency and accuracy of the system, the easier would be the management tasks. Since the existing Attendance Management System of the Institute is totally working manually. All the Information’s are handled manually in the registers or other documents. The process of the work is mainly divided in two parts, first is to take attendance on sheet enter details into the registers. And then at the end of the session or semester attendance is calculated manually reports are generated. Limitations of the Existing System âž ¢ The Current system is completely manual. So the wastage of time occur the most over here. In today’s circumstances where there isShow MoreRelatedSchool Management System15436 Words   |  62 PagesSCHOOL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PROJECT REPORT By- PRAVEEN SHEKHAR PANKAJ PANDEY PUNEET KUSHWAHA NEERAJ CHAUDHARY Under Able Guidance of- Mr. S.S. Soam Department of Computer Science Engineering Institute of Engineering Technology, Lucknow Institute of Engineering Technology Lucknow Abstract We propose a system that shall enable a SCHOOL MANAGEMENT SYASTEM interfaced with a computer to be managed remotely using personal computers. A client running on the users computer would connect to a central

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American History Retells World War II - 1232 Words

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Medusa Free Essays

How does the writer present power in medusa and another poem In medusa, Duffy uses the character of a female to show power. â€Å"Be terrfied†. This quote is a short sentence which emphasises her power and that when she looks at you, it doesnt take long till you are turned into stone. We will write a custom essay sample on Medusa or any similar topic only for you Order Now The sentence also creates a sinister tone in a way that she wants you t be afraid of her because she was once destroyed now she wants to destroy others as she has the power to do so. Duffy later on uses the verb â€Å"shattered† which links with the word â€Å"spattered†. This demonstartes the strength of her power to destroy, her power is so strong that anything that comes in her way either ends up â€Å"shattered† or â€Å"spattered†. The verbs also infer that with power comes jelousy because Medusa destroys everything that appears to be positive and beautiful. They might also suggest that the way she has destroyed inncocent life is a way to say that she is out of contro herself. The poem structured around her transformation, and the escalating scale of the living things she turns to â€Å"stone†. She starts with a â€Å"buzzing-bee† and her victims increase in size until she changes a â€Å"dragon† into a â€Å"volcano†. Finally she turns her attention to the man who broke her heart. In her last line Medusa says â€Å"look at me now†. this line, given great structural emphasis, is hugely ambiguous. It could be a heart-felt plea for attention as well as, of course, a heavily ironic threat and reminder of her capabilities. The paradox for Medusa is that she has become trapped by her own power. Duffy may be suggesting that the negative and destructive qualities of revenge will eventually undo their perpetrator. In the same way power is a major theme in Ozymandias, what was once so magnificent – a symbol of the king’s great power – is now â€Å"sunk†¦ shattered†¦ lifeless†. How to cite Medusa, Papers

Prevention of Elder Abuse-Free-Samples for Students-Myassignment

Question: Write a Literature Review on Prevention of Elder Abuse. Answer: Introduction The literature review tends to examine the contemporary literature based on the prevention of elder abuse in the present days and the implications of various policies and programs that would lead to prevent elderly abuse. Furthermore, this literature review would also focus on the potential areas for the prospects of future research. Elder abuse can be defined as, repeated act or lack of appropriate action, occurs within any relationship that causes harm and pain to elderly people. In the present days, elder abuse has become one of the severe abuse and the elderly people are mainly vulnerable of getting exploited in various ways (Pilleme et al., 2016). This particular type of abuse problem, mainly stemmed from different issues that include societal, financial, psychological and more. According to the report from the American Psychological Association, near about 2 million elders are victims of financial and physical abuse. Therefore, the UN General Assembly, observed 15th June as the World Elder Abuse Awareness Day, in order to aware people about elderly abuse, and to bring in close attention of various communities in protecting and safeguarding the elder people from mistreatment (Spike Unit, 2015). Apart from this, various risk factors are also included with the prevention of the elder abuse that includes risk at the individual level, community level and socio-cultural level. Therefore, in order to prevent elder abuse, measures should be taken to reduce the rates of abuse among the elderly people. Various steps include such as avoiding of isolating elders by shifting them to old age home, encouraging elder people in taking part in various activities and more. However, in the year 2016, the World Health Organization introduced global strategy and an action plan that would provide guidance in different countries for the prevention of elder abuse (Harries et al., 20016). Methodology In finding the peer reviewed online journals database, Google scholar and the Wiley Online Library were used. With the help of the Google scholar, the following terms were searched in order to search the peer reviewed journals. The search item includes elder abuse, prevention of elder abuse, types of abuse, policies and programmes and more. Prior to this, the earlier literature reviews were also identified through this measure and were read in order to analyse the particular literature review. However, in order to analyse the database, policies and programs related to the prevention of elder abuse were also searched and introduced. For example, in order to prevent elder abuse in Australia, Elder Abuse Community Service was introduced to protect the elders. The articles that were selected for the literature review are mainly based on surveys, for instance the peer reviewed article, Elder Abuse: Global Situation, Risk Factors, and Prevention Strategies the findings of this article is b ased on online survey, that helped to identify the risk factor and the global situation in related to the elder abuse (Pillemer et al., 2016). The articles that were mainly chosen mainly focussed on the elder abuse and measures for preventing and excluded other such articles that do not focus on the topic. Prior to that, the methods applied in the peer reviewed journal include both qualitative and quantitative method. Apart from this, comparatively the contemporary articles were the main target for the particular topic, and the search was mainly confined to the research studies. The target of results were again refined and accordingly many articles were excluded that did not confined to the topic of the literature review that include, types of abuse, abuse in health sector, focused on single abuse issue and more (Burnes et al., 2015). Prior to that, all the targeted journal articles were selected from 2014 and above, and focused mainly on the important topic of the literature review. However, it should be noted that the methodology was mainly resulted by analyzing the literature that dealt with the prevention of elder abuse in different countries and policies and programs to reduce such abuse, thus makes it difficult in articulate major findings. Findings and Discussions The major aspects of each of the articles are mainly summarised in Table 1 The selected peer reviewed journal articles that were chosen for the prevention of the elder abuse were mainly focussed on the main concept of the topic, and one of the article focussed on analysing the risk factor in Asia. Prior to that, in one of the journal articles, theories were implemented, that would help to understand the main concept of the article, appropriately (Dong, 2015). From the above articles of elder abuse it has been found that in the present days, elder mistreatment has been widely recognized as in International issue, and the problem is continuously increasing in the present days. Therefore, to reduce the elder abuse problems, immediate actions are required and beside that policies and rules are also being implemented. From the study of elder abuse in Asia, it focussed on how cultures influenced elderly abuse in different Asian countries such as the cross sectional nature, informant issues and more (Mosqueda et al., 2016). This particular journal article analysed their results and findings through qualitative and quantitative research survey. The studies are mainly focussed on different research methods that include qualitative, quantitative and the survey methods, and it has also mentioned the time consuming method of the particular research methods. From the journal articles, it had been analysed that the sample population for the sample selected are larger in number that comprised of 5777 sample of elder people in the research method. One of the studies interviewed individuals from different countries in Asia and accordingly, the sample size selected were larger in size (Yan et al., 2015). The studies were mainly focussed on interviewing people from different communities. Furthermore, the entire five peer reviewed journals though focussed in the main topic, but they slightly differ from one another in terms of research methods and also in context and selecting sample size. It is important to note that articles are focussed on the central theme of the literature review that is prevention of the elder abuse in global con text, reasons of abuse and steps required to reduce such abuses, for example, creating awareness among people regarding elder abuse, reason of abuse such as mental abuse, abuse related to financial crisis, psychological abuse and more (Wang et al., 2015). However, in those peer reviewed journals, common themes were also been identified among the researchers such as, all the researchers focussed on addressing the barriers related to the elder abuse and its prevention. Table 1: Prevention of Elder Abuse Literature Review Summary Author/s Date Aim Research Design (Including Theoretical Framework) Methodology- Sample, measures Key Findings Conclusions/ Recommendations Mosquedaet al., (2016) To examine the intervention for elder mistreatment through Pragmatic Approach mainly in professional fields with the help of AIM approach. Research design includes case studies from previous research journals and articles. No Theoretical framework was incorporated. Research based on secondary research methods and the results and findings are based on previous case studies and scenarios. The main key findings are with the implication of AIM (Abuse Intervention Method), elder abuse could be reduced in the professional fields such as it could be reduced for social workers. Identified the process to reduce elder mistreatment through intervention and assessment of the AIM method, (Abuse Intervention Method). Pillemer et al., (2016) The main aim is to analyze the mistreatment of elder as global issues, with a major focus on prevention of such abuse. Research design based on different case studies and program descriptions. No theoretical framework was stated in the research procedure. Research was based on qualitative research method and was completed through online surveys. Results were also analysed through four major databases that include PubMed, MEDLINE, PsycINFO and Social Work. The main findings are that in order to reduce elder abuse, legal and legislative approaches implemented by high income countries, but there are no such measures in developing countries. In order to prevent elder abuse, promising strategies and intervention are developed such as MDTs. It has recommended that the main aim to develop effective prevention of elder abuse through improved scientific knowledge. Dong, (2015) To examine that elder abuse is a serious global issue that leads to human rights problem across different strata. The study is completed through cross-sectional and through various case studies and case reports. No theoretical framework was incorporated. Research methods used in this study includes both qualitative and quantitative methods. Qualitative study includes community based intervention through online survey. The major key finding is that, to reduce mistreatment of elder Adult Protective Service Program (APS) been implemented in many countries. In order to define the issue in an appropriate way, National Longitudinal research method is required. Routine screening of elder abuse should be practice in health clinics. Wang et al., (2015) To explore and to identify various approaches to elder abuse, and intervention based on the approach. Cross- sectional study and also includes case studies. Prior to that incorporation of systematic review in order to analyse positive findings and no Theoretical framework was incorporated in the research design. Cross- sectional survey that includes- 412 adults in China, 5777 older adults in US, 2039 elder people in the rural China and 677 in Spain. The finding of the research analysed that there has been a major concern regarding elder abuse among the vulnerable population. It has been concluded that risk factors have been identified in elder abuse that include ethnicity, behaviour problems, low income and more. Yan, Chan Tiwari, (2014) To explore and to inform the readers regarding the prevalence of risk factors regarding elder abuse in Asia. Research design mainly based on the case scenarios that focus on the elder abuse in Asian countries. Theoretical framework was not stated. Quantitative and qualitative both types of research were applied. (N= 45 old Koreans people). Qualitative through questionnaire. In the key findings of the study, it stated that the main reason of the cause of elder abuse is mainly from physical assault, as it observed depressive symptoms among the elderly people. It has been concluded that elder Asians do not want to report their abuse to people other than their family members. Social isolation has been considered as an important risk factor among the elder people in the Asian countries. It has been recommended that with the implication of culturally sensitive instruments, elder abuse could be reduced. Review Findings: Elder Abuse and Risk Factor in Global Context As per the United States National Academy of Sciences, elder abuse can be defined intentional action that tends to cause pain and harms to elders by another person such as family members, caregivers or in clinical sector. Different types of abuses have been identified by the researchers that include physical abuse, emotional abuse and financial abuse. In physical abuse among elders, it could be identified through Conflict Tactic Scale version (CTS). As per the report, Nigeria results in highest number of elder abuse that consists of 14.6% (Sooryanarayana et al., 2015). In case of financial abuse, Nigeria and Israel resulted in the highest number of financial abuse across the world (13.1% and 6.4%), whereas, Mexico consist of lowest number of financial abuse (2.6%). Emotional abuse could also be measured through CTS intervention method, and studies showed that the rate of emotional abuse varies from 0.7% to 27.3% (Friedman et al., 2017). Abuse of Elders in Minority Populations It has been noted from the peer reviewed journals that the occurrence of the elder abuse is higher among the ethnic minority groups than the white communities. In order to understand the increase in the various diverse aging populations, there should be certain measures that would help in understanding elder abuse among the minority population (Barboza, 2016). As per the Community Based Participatory Research (CBPS), this method has been implemented to analyse the number of elder abuse among those communities. Risk factors for Elder Abuse As per the report from the research study, it has been stated that thirteen risk factors have been identified related to elder abuse in different communities. Various risk factors related to older people include Behaviour Problems, Cognitive Impairments among elder people, Psychological risk factor, Trauma, Ethnicity risk factor and more (Namboodri et al., 2018). Prevalence of the Elder Abuse in the Asian Countries As per the report, in Asia elder abuse ranges from 0.22% to 62% among all the Asian countries. It has been noted that the major types of elder abuse prevails in the Asian countries consist of psychological abuse and neglect that mainly results from their family members or caregivers. However, in the clinical setting the major types of elderly abuse could be observed are physical and the financial violence. Through the research report it has been stated that a sample of 355 elder people were surveyed and the results stated that majority elder people in Hong Kong are victims of the verbal abuse that consist of the 20.8%. Another study from Chinese community indicates that among 276 elder people 27.5% of the individuals are the victims of the behavioural abuse (Alon Berg-Warman, 2014). It has been stated that verbal abuse consists of the most common type of verbal abuse. In Singapore, among the elder people abuse, forty-two cases reported in physical abuse and from the financial mistre atment. In Japan, 17.9% of the elder people reported abuse that resulted from psychological and the financial abuse. It has also been reported that 34.9% of the Japanese elder people reported that the elder people are mainly involved in harmful behaviour in the past years. The common types of mistreatment of elders include ignoring and verbal aggression. Characteristics of the Elder Abuse in Asia The characteristics of the victims are selected as per their demographic, social characteristics and the psychological characteristics. Age: In terms of age, it has been reported in the study that majority of the elder abuse mainly results from the young adults among the family members, based on different communities. As per the report, 68% elder suffered from abuse mainly belongs from minority groups or from low income families (Lachs Pillemer, 2015). Gender: In case of gender, it has been reported that females are victims of abuse more than the males. As per the given report, 30% of the male results from abuse, whereas 60% of the female are the victims of elder abuse (Wang et al., 2015). Educational Level: As per the research study, lower educational people are result from elder abuse and neglect than the educated elderly people. Conclusion From the above report, it could be concluded that in the recent days, the number of elder abuse is increasing at an alarming rate, and as per the report, it has been stated that individuals are the victims of the elder abuse mainly from the minority communities. Moreover, all the studies in this field are mainly based on qualitative research method, as this research method mainly dealt with in depth study of the prevention of elder abuse. Future scope of research in this study includes implications of various method and strategies that would help in preventing elder abuse in the near future. However, in understanding the research in an appropriate way, further research is required to analyze the risk factor and also to determine the screening method. The literature review helped in understanding about elder abuse and risk factor and strategies and methods to prevent. References Alon, S., Berg-Warman, A. (2014). Treatment and prevention of elder abuse and neglect: Where knowledge and practice meetA model for intervention to prevent and treat elder abuse in Israel.Journal of elder abuse neglect,26(2), 150-171. Barboza, G. E. (2016). Elder Maltreatment.The Wiley Handbook on the Psychology of Violence, 324-352. Beach, S. R., Carpenter, C. R., Rosen, T., Sharps, P., Gelles, R. (2016). Screening and detection of elder abuse: Research opportunities and lessons learned from emergency geriatric care, intimate partner violence, and child abuse.Journal of elder abuse neglect,28(4-5), 185-216. Burnes, D., Pillemer, K., Caccamise, P. L., Mason, A., Henderson, C. R., Berman, J., ... Salamone, A. (2015). Prevalence of and risk factors for elder abuse and neglect in the community: a population?based study.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society,63(9), 1906-1912. Dong, X. Q. (2015). Elder abuse: systematic review and implications for practice.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society,63(6), 1214-1238. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.13454 Friedman, L. S., Avila, S., Rizvi, T., Partida, R., Friedman, D. (2017). Physical abuse of elderly adults: victim characteristics and determinants of revictimization.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society,65(7), 1420-1426. Gassoumis, Z. D., Navarro, A. E., Wilber, K. H. (2015). Protecting victims of elder financial exploitation: The role of an elder abuse forensic center in referring victims for conservatorship.Aging mental health,19(9), 790-798. Goldblatt, H., Band-Winterstein, T., Alon, S. (2016). Social workers reflections on the therapeutic encounter with elder abuse and neglect.Journal of interpersonal violence, 0886260516633688. Harries, P., Gilhooly, M. M., Gilhooly, K. J., Davies, M. S. (2016). Enhancing Workforce Capacity in the Detection and Prevention of Elder Financial Abuse.Public Policy Aging Report,26(1), 30-33. Hoover, R. M., Polson, M. (2014). Detecting elder abuse and neglect: assessment and intervention.American family physician,89(6). Lachs, M. S., Pillemer, K. A. (2015). Elder abuse.New England Journal of Medicine,373(20), 1947-1956. Mosqueda, L., Burnight, K., Gironda, M. W., Moore, A. A., Robinson, J., Olsen, B. (2016). The abuse intervention model: A pragmatic approach to intervention for elder mistreatment.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society,64(9), 1879-1883. doi:10.1111/jgs.14266 Namboodri, B. L., Rosen, T., Dayaa, J. A., Bischof, J. J., Ramadan, N., Patel, M. D., ... Platts?Mills, T. F. (2018). Elder Abuse Identification in the Prehospital Setting: An Examination of State Emergency Medical Services Protocols.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. Pillemer, K., Burnes, D., Riffin, C., Lachs, M. S. (2016). Elder abuse: global situation, risk factors, and prevention strategies.The Gerontologist,56(Suppl_2), S194-S205. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnw004 Roberto, K. A. (2016). The complexities of elder abuse.American Psychologist,71(4), 302. Sooryanarayana, R., Choo, W. Y., Hairi, N. N., Chinna, K., Bulgiba, A. (2015). Insight Into Elder Abuse Among Urban Poor of Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaA Middle?Income Developing Country.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society,63(1), 180-182. Spike, C., Unit, E. A. P. (2015).The EAPU Helpline: Results of an investigation of five years of call data. Elder Abuse Prevention Unit, UnitingCare Community. Taylor, B. J., Killick, C., OBrien, M., Begley, E., Carter-Anand, J. (2014). Older peoples conceptualization of elder abuse and neglect.Journal of elder abuse neglect,26(3), 223-243. Wang, X. M., Brisbin, S., Loo, T., Straus, S. (2015). Elder abuse: an approach to identification, assessment and intervention.Canadian Medical Association Journal,187(8), 575-581. doi:10.1503/cmaj.141329 Yan, E., Chan, K. L., Tiwari, A. (2015). A systematic review of prevalence and risk factors for elder abuse in Asia.Trauma, Violence, Abuse,16(2), 199-219. DOI: 10.1177/152483801455503

Views of Abdul Hamid II on politics and religion

When Abdul took over power, the European countries had already influenced the Ottoman Empire with secularization taking place in many sectors of the territory including politics and culture of the people. However, he immediately abolished the western culture by advocating for all Muslims and even for non-Muslims to join them into one Islamic state.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Views of Abdul Hamid II on politics and religion specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More He had ambitious objectives by uniting the Muslims because he had planned to them and the religion to enable him gain political powers especially over the European powers such as Russia. For instance, Abdul emphasized on counteraction of Russia’s efforts to influence the Balkans to free themselves from the Ottoman empire and join Christianity. However, his efforts failed as many Balkans were lost to the Europeans. He detested the Europeans and their Christianity such that he gave the Muslim leaders more powers so that they can be able to claim the Muslim population from the Europeans. Under the influence of Abdul, the unconverted Muslims became more reluctant to join Christianity but rather supported Abdul in his political activities. The presence of the European nations in the empire became a driving force for Pan-Islamism making it difficult for the Europeans to secularize the territory. However, the sultan later took over the position of Caliph as he was so determined to counter the secularization process in his empire. This gave him the opportunity to regain the powers of the Muslim leaders that had been lost due to the reforms that had taken place before he took over power. It is clear that sultan Abdul detested secularism n that is why he mobilized all Muslims against it not only to regain their culture but also to gain popularity politically especially in the European nations. Relations between Abdul and the European pow ers The relations between the Ottoman Empire and most European nations was not so easy but rather strained especially between France, Russia and UK. In his own opinion, Abdul demanded that his empire be treated as having equal powers with these European nations especially due to its high numbers of Muslims compared to Christians. Even though the sultan viewed his empire as modern, the Europeans always saw the empire as being uncivilized. However, Abdul had a different opinion of the Germans as he viewed them as possible allies to his empire. Abdul therefore developed a good relationship with the Germans as his empire hosted a number of German political leaders several times and some Germans were employed to help in reorganization of the empire as well with most of them being assigned to reorganize the finance sector of the empire. This made him to distrust his very own ministers and other political leaders as on the other hand, he promoted German’s friends especially with the construction of railways to allow accessibility of the empire and giving loans to the Germans to start operating in the Ottoman Empire. As this friendship continued and intensified, Abdul went to the extremes of giving Germans the Baghdad railway which they had always desired.Advertising Looking for essay on asian? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The result of Abdul’s actions towards Germans was the occurrence of World War I which was facilitated by the accessibility of the railway in question. Despite the fact that the empire had allied with German during the war, they were defeated and this became the cause of the empire’s fall during which time it dismantled (Chouinard, 2009, p. 1). Abdul’s conflicts with the Armenians Ever since sultan Abdul took over power, he always had low opinions of the Armenians as he described them as being from a lesser province which had been accused of many wrong doings. Und er Abdul’s rule, the Armenians were not able to exercise their rights like the other Ottoman civilians and this drove some Armenians especially those who were living in Europe and Russia to form association meant to fight for the right of their brothers back at home. Abdul even hired a military to deal with the Armenians in whatever way they wanted to including killing them. He also used his officials to oppress the Armenians especially in taxation rates. However, the Armenians were successful in their fight against the sultan’s regime which saw Abdul required to sign an agreement meant to terminate the oppression towards the Armenians. Despite all these efforts by the Armenians, the signed agreement was, however, never implemented and this made the Armenians gather to request for its implementation but sultan Abdul could not allow them so he sent Ottoman police to disperse the crowd. Soon after this, the Armenian killings occurred where a large number of Armenians wer e killed. As the empire’s sultan, Abdul II did not put efforts to try and stop the massacre and this failure to take action towards such humanity as well as his opinion towards the Armenians made him a primary suspect in ordering the killings although there was no prove that he did. This made Abdul appear as a dangerous assassin to the Europeans as well as a bloody sultan to the Armenians. Changes in the Ottoman Empire during Abdul’s rule Despite the fact that secularization by the European had already occurred when Abdul took over power as the sultan of the Ottoman Empire, he was able to get back the powers that the Muslim leaders had before the modernization. However, through his reforms, he destroyed the empires financial status leaving no public finances in the treasury something that the Europeans had improved for the better. As a result, national debts increased drastically and this forced him to seek assistance from foreigners in order to settle the debts. With time, the empire’s financial accounts were given over to the foreigners who had large bond shares in the empire’s revenue.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Views of Abdul Hamid II on politics and religion specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Abdul could be said to be selfish because during his succession as the sultan, he got to a point where he reduced the powers of his ministers to low levels such as secretary positions and took the administration of the Ottoman Empire all to himself so that he could control the every aspect of the empire. As a result, general disagreements within the empire increased especially with the Armenians and Greeks who lived in the Empire not satisfied with Abdul’s rule and decisions. Due to his desire to have authority over the empire and to bring in a new constitution made him loose trust in the supporters of reforms on the Ottoman navy and he ended up locking the l argest fleet in the Ottoman empire something which made his territory lose its territories overseas not only during his time as the sultan but even afterwards. Basically, the economy as well as the social life of the Ottoman people was destroyed during Abdul II’s rule as the sultan of the empire (Ahmed, 2010, p. 1). Reference List Ahmed, N. (2010). Sultan Abdul Hamid II. Retrieved from https://historyofislam.com/contents/resistance-and-reform/sultan-abdul-hamid-ii/ Chouinard, A. (2009). A response to Tanzimat: Sultan Abdul Hamid II and Pan-Islamism. Retrieved from http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/252/a-response-to-tanzimat-sultan-abdul-hamid-ii-and-pan-islamism This essay on Views of Abdul Hamid II on politics and religion was written and submitted by user Keith Ashley to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.