American History Retells World War II - 1232 Words

American history retells World War II (WWII) stories about heroes, and their contribution to the success in ending the conflict between Japan and the United States (U.S.). The U.S. Military’s attempt to seize key islands in the South Pacific seem futile as Japanese Imperial Intelligence Teams (JIIT) monitored U.S. communications systems. Messages intercepted by the JITT compromised U.S. Military synchronization activities, putting their efforts and the lives of American Soldier’s at risk. The Navajo Code Talker program is the U.S. Marine Corps’ solution to secure communications. World War I (WWI) introduced the concept of securing lines of communication with a foreign language not used by both sides during the war. Innovative combat Commanders utilized Native Americans and their language within their ranks to send secure message. These Native transmissions had flaws. The messages transmitted in the native language did not have a coded format. Military terms for rank, weapons, and vehicles also did not exist in the Native vocabulary. At the conclusion of WWI, the Germans identified the Native American tribes by their language used during the war, exploiting and deterring any further similar attempts to secure messages. The U.S. Military ceased further improvements into the augmentation of native languages and radio communication. The U.S. Military, struggling with a communication disadvantage in the early stages of WWII proposed to employ Native Americans and their languageShow MoreRelatedAmerican Culture And The American World War II Essay1423 Words   |  6 Pagessimply a part of the American way of life. Americans have always relied on this trait from the early days of British colonization to present times. It can be demonstrated in all facets of life. Adaptability was the reason the old frontier was populated; people adjusted to the unfamiliar climates, conditions, and lands. Immigrants were able to and continue to be adapt to the American culture and thrive in the United States. Americans adapted to the threat of the enemy during World War II and had to acclimateRead MoreAmerica s Most Defining Era1347 Words   |  6 PagesDunehew Professor Tootle History 18, CRN 15 May 2017 One of America’s Most Defining Era’s Even though it did not completely end discrimination in America, the history surrounding World War II and the Civil Rights Movement was one of our nation’s most defining eras. The equality of the country had never been focused on more than it was during this time. Segregation laws, also known as Jim Crow laws, were eradicated as a result, thus ending a long shameful period in US history. Or, at least startingRead MoreThe Nankin Massacre in China: Historically Forgotten1399 Words   |  6 Pagesobtain. Although history tends to be thought of as based on facts, data and past happenings, history in its very nature subjects itself to human biases, personal interpretations, personal interests, national interests, and cultural values. The occurrence of the Raping of Nanking continues to be subjected to such interpretations. On December 12, 1937, an outbreak of mass murder and rape was committed by the Japanese troops against Nanking China during the Second Sino-Japanese War. This incident, whichRead MoreThe First Anti Semitic Act Essay1329 Words   |  6 Pagesthe world (#1). During World War I, Adolf Hitler an anti-Semitic, moved to Germany to enlist in the army, and joined the German Workers Party later known as the Nazi Party. After WWI, Germany’s democracy started to fall part, losing their army, land, money, allies and Central Powers because Germany was forced to sign the Treaty of Versailles in 1919. 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Uncle Tom’s Cabin is a tragic story that displays the life of Uncle Tom, a man of Christian values, honest integrity, and unfailing kindness, taken away from his â€Å"cabin† / family, dying as a result of a slave owner’s menacing behavior. Stowe’s novel is a master of influence. Her novel changed the American public view of slavery. Her impactful statements showed the public how they â€Å"stand hereRead MoreEssay on The Holocaust: The Concentration Camps1484 Words   |  6 PagesHolocaust is the most terrible human action in the history. It absolutely marks the ending of the previous mentality of human-beings. Therefore, a new round of discovery of evilness of human nature has been established. Best uncovering the truth of Holocaust will help prevent the furthur destuction of humanism, which is the most important mission of the society after World War II. There are many sources of Holocaust trying to best uncover the truth, such as the inhabitant’s experience of the immediateRead MoreJD Salinger Research Paper1671 Words   |  7 PagesSalingers stories are studied in high schools and colleges, introducing thousands of individuals to his writing and ultimately increasing his fan base. Catcher in the R ye continues to sale 250,000 copies a year world wide. With increasing popularity, Salinger slowly secluded himself from the world, eventually avoiding all requests for interviews and public appearances. With Salinger unwilling to share personal information and no authorized biography to date, gathering material on him is difficult. ToRead MoreSocial Media And Camera Ready Cell Phones During World War II Essay2161 Words   |  9 Pagesa part of the American way of life. Americans have always relied on this trait since the early days of British colonization to present times. It can be demonstrated in all facets of life. 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Medusa Free Essays

How does the writer present power in medusa and another poem In medusa, Duffy uses the character of a female to show power. â€Å"Be terrfied†. This quote is a short sentence which emphasises her power and that when she looks at you, it doesnt take long till you are turned into stone. We will write a custom essay sample on Medusa or any similar topic only for you Order Now The sentence also creates a sinister tone in a way that she wants you t be afraid of her because she was once destroyed now she wants to destroy others as she has the power to do so. Duffy later on uses the verb â€Å"shattered† which links with the word â€Å"spattered†. This demonstartes the strength of her power to destroy, her power is so strong that anything that comes in her way either ends up â€Å"shattered† or â€Å"spattered†. The verbs also infer that with power comes jelousy because Medusa destroys everything that appears to be positive and beautiful. They might also suggest that the way she has destroyed inncocent life is a way to say that she is out of contro herself. The poem structured around her transformation, and the escalating scale of the living things she turns to â€Å"stone†. She starts with a â€Å"buzzing-bee† and her victims increase in size until she changes a â€Å"dragon† into a â€Å"volcano†. Finally she turns her attention to the man who broke her heart. In her last line Medusa says â€Å"look at me now†. this line, given great structural emphasis, is hugely ambiguous. It could be a heart-felt plea for attention as well as, of course, a heavily ironic threat and reminder of her capabilities. The paradox for Medusa is that she has become trapped by her own power. Duffy may be suggesting that the negative and destructive qualities of revenge will eventually undo their perpetrator. In the same way power is a major theme in Ozymandias, what was once so magnificent – a symbol of the king’s great power – is now â€Å"sunk†¦ shattered†¦ lifeless†. How to cite Medusa, Papers

Prevention of Elder Abuse-Free-Samples for Students-Myassignment

Question: Write a Literature Review on Prevention of Elder Abuse. Answer: Introduction The literature review tends to examine the contemporary literature based on the prevention of elder abuse in the present days and the implications of various policies and programs that would lead to prevent elderly abuse. Furthermore, this literature review would also focus on the potential areas for the prospects of future research. Elder abuse can be defined as, repeated act or lack of appropriate action, occurs within any relationship that causes harm and pain to elderly people. In the present days, elder abuse has become one of the severe abuse and the elderly people are mainly vulnerable of getting exploited in various ways (Pilleme et al., 2016). This particular type of abuse problem, mainly stemmed from different issues that include societal, financial, psychological and more. According to the report from the American Psychological Association, near about 2 million elders are victims of financial and physical abuse. Therefore, the UN General Assembly, observed 15th June as the World Elder Abuse Awareness Day, in order to aware people about elderly abuse, and to bring in close attention of various communities in protecting and safeguarding the elder people from mistreatment (Spike Unit, 2015). Apart from this, various risk factors are also included with the prevention of the elder abuse that includes risk at the individual level, community level and socio-cultural level. Therefore, in order to prevent elder abuse, measures should be taken to reduce the rates of abuse among the elderly people. Various steps include such as avoiding of isolating elders by shifting them to old age home, encouraging elder people in taking part in various activities and more. However, in the year 2016, the World Health Organization introduced global strategy and an action plan that would provide guidance in different countries for the prevention of elder abuse (Harries et al., 20016). Methodology In finding the peer reviewed online journals database, Google scholar and the Wiley Online Library were used. With the help of the Google scholar, the following terms were searched in order to search the peer reviewed journals. The search item includes elder abuse, prevention of elder abuse, types of abuse, policies and programmes and more. Prior to this, the earlier literature reviews were also identified through this measure and were read in order to analyse the particular literature review. However, in order to analyse the database, policies and programs related to the prevention of elder abuse were also searched and introduced. For example, in order to prevent elder abuse in Australia, Elder Abuse Community Service was introduced to protect the elders. The articles that were selected for the literature review are mainly based on surveys, for instance the peer reviewed article, Elder Abuse: Global Situation, Risk Factors, and Prevention Strategies the findings of this article is b ased on online survey, that helped to identify the risk factor and the global situation in related to the elder abuse (Pillemer et al., 2016). The articles that were mainly chosen mainly focussed on the elder abuse and measures for preventing and excluded other such articles that do not focus on the topic. Prior to that, the methods applied in the peer reviewed journal include both qualitative and quantitative method. Apart from this, comparatively the contemporary articles were the main target for the particular topic, and the search was mainly confined to the research studies. The target of results were again refined and accordingly many articles were excluded that did not confined to the topic of the literature review that include, types of abuse, abuse in health sector, focused on single abuse issue and more (Burnes et al., 2015). Prior to that, all the targeted journal articles were selected from 2014 and above, and focused mainly on the important topic of the literature review. However, it should be noted that the methodology was mainly resulted by analyzing the literature that dealt with the prevention of elder abuse in different countries and policies and programs to reduce such abuse, thus makes it difficult in articulate major findings. Findings and Discussions The major aspects of each of the articles are mainly summarised in Table 1 The selected peer reviewed journal articles that were chosen for the prevention of the elder abuse were mainly focussed on the main concept of the topic, and one of the article focussed on analysing the risk factor in Asia. Prior to that, in one of the journal articles, theories were implemented, that would help to understand the main concept of the article, appropriately (Dong, 2015). From the above articles of elder abuse it has been found that in the present days, elder mistreatment has been widely recognized as in International issue, and the problem is continuously increasing in the present days. Therefore, to reduce the elder abuse problems, immediate actions are required and beside that policies and rules are also being implemented. From the study of elder abuse in Asia, it focussed on how cultures influenced elderly abuse in different Asian countries such as the cross sectional nature, informant issues and more (Mosqueda et al., 2016). This particular journal article analysed their results and findings through qualitative and quantitative research survey. The studies are mainly focussed on different research methods that include qualitative, quantitative and the survey methods, and it has also mentioned the time consuming method of the particular research methods. From the journal articles, it had been analysed that the sample population for the sample selected are larger in number that comprised of 5777 sample of elder people in the research method. One of the studies interviewed individuals from different countries in Asia and accordingly, the sample size selected were larger in size (Yan et al., 2015). The studies were mainly focussed on interviewing people from different communities. Furthermore, the entire five peer reviewed journals though focussed in the main topic, but they slightly differ from one another in terms of research methods and also in context and selecting sample size. It is important to note that articles are focussed on the central theme of the literature review that is prevention of the elder abuse in global con text, reasons of abuse and steps required to reduce such abuses, for example, creating awareness among people regarding elder abuse, reason of abuse such as mental abuse, abuse related to financial crisis, psychological abuse and more (Wang et al., 2015). However, in those peer reviewed journals, common themes were also been identified among the researchers such as, all the researchers focussed on addressing the barriers related to the elder abuse and its prevention. Table 1: Prevention of Elder Abuse Literature Review Summary Author/s Date Aim Research Design (Including Theoretical Framework) Methodology- Sample, measures Key Findings Conclusions/ Recommendations Mosquedaet al., (2016) To examine the intervention for elder mistreatment through Pragmatic Approach mainly in professional fields with the help of AIM approach. Research design includes case studies from previous research journals and articles. No Theoretical framework was incorporated. Research based on secondary research methods and the results and findings are based on previous case studies and scenarios. The main key findings are with the implication of AIM (Abuse Intervention Method), elder abuse could be reduced in the professional fields such as it could be reduced for social workers. Identified the process to reduce elder mistreatment through intervention and assessment of the AIM method, (Abuse Intervention Method). Pillemer et al., (2016) The main aim is to analyze the mistreatment of elder as global issues, with a major focus on prevention of such abuse. Research design based on different case studies and program descriptions. No theoretical framework was stated in the research procedure. Research was based on qualitative research method and was completed through online surveys. Results were also analysed through four major databases that include PubMed, MEDLINE, PsycINFO and Social Work. The main findings are that in order to reduce elder abuse, legal and legislative approaches implemented by high income countries, but there are no such measures in developing countries. In order to prevent elder abuse, promising strategies and intervention are developed such as MDTs. It has recommended that the main aim to develop effective prevention of elder abuse through improved scientific knowledge. Dong, (2015) To examine that elder abuse is a serious global issue that leads to human rights problem across different strata. The study is completed through cross-sectional and through various case studies and case reports. No theoretical framework was incorporated. Research methods used in this study includes both qualitative and quantitative methods. Qualitative study includes community based intervention through online survey. The major key finding is that, to reduce mistreatment of elder Adult Protective Service Program (APS) been implemented in many countries. In order to define the issue in an appropriate way, National Longitudinal research method is required. Routine screening of elder abuse should be practice in health clinics. Wang et al., (2015) To explore and to identify various approaches to elder abuse, and intervention based on the approach. Cross- sectional study and also includes case studies. Prior to that incorporation of systematic review in order to analyse positive findings and no Theoretical framework was incorporated in the research design. Cross- sectional survey that includes- 412 adults in China, 5777 older adults in US, 2039 elder people in the rural China and 677 in Spain. The finding of the research analysed that there has been a major concern regarding elder abuse among the vulnerable population. It has been concluded that risk factors have been identified in elder abuse that include ethnicity, behaviour problems, low income and more. Yan, Chan Tiwari, (2014) To explore and to inform the readers regarding the prevalence of risk factors regarding elder abuse in Asia. Research design mainly based on the case scenarios that focus on the elder abuse in Asian countries. Theoretical framework was not stated. Quantitative and qualitative both types of research were applied. (N= 45 old Koreans people). Qualitative through questionnaire. In the key findings of the study, it stated that the main reason of the cause of elder abuse is mainly from physical assault, as it observed depressive symptoms among the elderly people. It has been concluded that elder Asians do not want to report their abuse to people other than their family members. Social isolation has been considered as an important risk factor among the elder people in the Asian countries. It has been recommended that with the implication of culturally sensitive instruments, elder abuse could be reduced. Review Findings: Elder Abuse and Risk Factor in Global Context As per the United States National Academy of Sciences, elder abuse can be defined intentional action that tends to cause pain and harms to elders by another person such as family members, caregivers or in clinical sector. Different types of abuses have been identified by the researchers that include physical abuse, emotional abuse and financial abuse. In physical abuse among elders, it could be identified through Conflict Tactic Scale version (CTS). As per the report, Nigeria results in highest number of elder abuse that consists of 14.6% (Sooryanarayana et al., 2015). In case of financial abuse, Nigeria and Israel resulted in the highest number of financial abuse across the world (13.1% and 6.4%), whereas, Mexico consist of lowest number of financial abuse (2.6%). Emotional abuse could also be measured through CTS intervention method, and studies showed that the rate of emotional abuse varies from 0.7% to 27.3% (Friedman et al., 2017). Abuse of Elders in Minority Populations It has been noted from the peer reviewed journals that the occurrence of the elder abuse is higher among the ethnic minority groups than the white communities. In order to understand the increase in the various diverse aging populations, there should be certain measures that would help in understanding elder abuse among the minority population (Barboza, 2016). As per the Community Based Participatory Research (CBPS), this method has been implemented to analyse the number of elder abuse among those communities. Risk factors for Elder Abuse As per the report from the research study, it has been stated that thirteen risk factors have been identified related to elder abuse in different communities. Various risk factors related to older people include Behaviour Problems, Cognitive Impairments among elder people, Psychological risk factor, Trauma, Ethnicity risk factor and more (Namboodri et al., 2018). Prevalence of the Elder Abuse in the Asian Countries As per the report, in Asia elder abuse ranges from 0.22% to 62% among all the Asian countries. It has been noted that the major types of elder abuse prevails in the Asian countries consist of psychological abuse and neglect that mainly results from their family members or caregivers. However, in the clinical setting the major types of elderly abuse could be observed are physical and the financial violence. Through the research report it has been stated that a sample of 355 elder people were surveyed and the results stated that majority elder people in Hong Kong are victims of the verbal abuse that consist of the 20.8%. Another study from Chinese community indicates that among 276 elder people 27.5% of the individuals are the victims of the behavioural abuse (Alon Berg-Warman, 2014). It has been stated that verbal abuse consists of the most common type of verbal abuse. In Singapore, among the elder people abuse, forty-two cases reported in physical abuse and from the financial mistre atment. In Japan, 17.9% of the elder people reported abuse that resulted from psychological and the financial abuse. It has also been reported that 34.9% of the Japanese elder people reported that the elder people are mainly involved in harmful behaviour in the past years. The common types of mistreatment of elders include ignoring and verbal aggression. Characteristics of the Elder Abuse in Asia The characteristics of the victims are selected as per their demographic, social characteristics and the psychological characteristics. Age: In terms of age, it has been reported in the study that majority of the elder abuse mainly results from the young adults among the family members, based on different communities. As per the report, 68% elder suffered from abuse mainly belongs from minority groups or from low income families (Lachs Pillemer, 2015). Gender: In case of gender, it has been reported that females are victims of abuse more than the males. As per the given report, 30% of the male results from abuse, whereas 60% of the female are the victims of elder abuse (Wang et al., 2015). Educational Level: As per the research study, lower educational people are result from elder abuse and neglect than the educated elderly people. Conclusion From the above report, it could be concluded that in the recent days, the number of elder abuse is increasing at an alarming rate, and as per the report, it has been stated that individuals are the victims of the elder abuse mainly from the minority communities. Moreover, all the studies in this field are mainly based on qualitative research method, as this research method mainly dealt with in depth study of the prevention of elder abuse. Future scope of research in this study includes implications of various method and strategies that would help in preventing elder abuse in the near future. However, in understanding the research in an appropriate way, further research is required to analyze the risk factor and also to determine the screening method. The literature review helped in understanding about elder abuse and risk factor and strategies and methods to prevent. References Alon, S., Berg-Warman, A. (2014). Treatment and prevention of elder abuse and neglect: Where knowledge and practice meetA model for intervention to prevent and treat elder abuse in Israel.Journal of elder abuse neglect,26(2), 150-171. Barboza, G. E. (2016). Elder Maltreatment.The Wiley Handbook on the Psychology of Violence, 324-352. Beach, S. R., Carpenter, C. R., Rosen, T., Sharps, P., Gelles, R. (2016). Screening and detection of elder abuse: Research opportunities and lessons learned from emergency geriatric care, intimate partner violence, and child abuse.Journal of elder abuse neglect,28(4-5), 185-216. Burnes, D., Pillemer, K., Caccamise, P. L., Mason, A., Henderson, C. R., Berman, J., ... Salamone, A. (2015). Prevalence of and risk factors for elder abuse and neglect in the community: a population?based study.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society,63(9), 1906-1912. Dong, X. Q. (2015). Elder abuse: systematic review and implications for practice.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society,63(6), 1214-1238. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.13454 Friedman, L. S., Avila, S., Rizvi, T., Partida, R., Friedman, D. (2017). Physical abuse of elderly adults: victim characteristics and determinants of revictimization.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society,65(7), 1420-1426. Gassoumis, Z. D., Navarro, A. E., Wilber, K. H. (2015). Protecting victims of elder financial exploitation: The role of an elder abuse forensic center in referring victims for conservatorship.Aging mental health,19(9), 790-798. Goldblatt, H., Band-Winterstein, T., Alon, S. (2016). Social workers reflections on the therapeutic encounter with elder abuse and neglect.Journal of interpersonal violence, 0886260516633688. Harries, P., Gilhooly, M. M., Gilhooly, K. J., Davies, M. S. (2016). Enhancing Workforce Capacity in the Detection and Prevention of Elder Financial Abuse.Public Policy Aging Report,26(1), 30-33. Hoover, R. M., Polson, M. (2014). Detecting elder abuse and neglect: assessment and intervention.American family physician,89(6). Lachs, M. S., Pillemer, K. A. (2015). Elder abuse.New England Journal of Medicine,373(20), 1947-1956. Mosqueda, L., Burnight, K., Gironda, M. W., Moore, A. A., Robinson, J., Olsen, B. (2016). The abuse intervention model: A pragmatic approach to intervention for elder mistreatment.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society,64(9), 1879-1883. doi:10.1111/jgs.14266 Namboodri, B. L., Rosen, T., Dayaa, J. A., Bischof, J. J., Ramadan, N., Patel, M. D., ... Platts?Mills, T. F. (2018). Elder Abuse Identification in the Prehospital Setting: An Examination of State Emergency Medical Services Protocols.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. Pillemer, K., Burnes, D., Riffin, C., Lachs, M. S. (2016). Elder abuse: global situation, risk factors, and prevention strategies.The Gerontologist,56(Suppl_2), S194-S205. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnw004 Roberto, K. A. (2016). The complexities of elder abuse.American Psychologist,71(4), 302. Sooryanarayana, R., Choo, W. Y., Hairi, N. N., Chinna, K., Bulgiba, A. (2015). Insight Into Elder Abuse Among Urban Poor of Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaA Middle?Income Developing Country.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society,63(1), 180-182. Spike, C., Unit, E. A. P. (2015).The EAPU Helpline: Results of an investigation of five years of call data. Elder Abuse Prevention Unit, UnitingCare Community. Taylor, B. J., Killick, C., OBrien, M., Begley, E., Carter-Anand, J. (2014). Older peoples conceptualization of elder abuse and neglect.Journal of elder abuse neglect,26(3), 223-243. Wang, X. M., Brisbin, S., Loo, T., Straus, S. (2015). Elder abuse: an approach to identification, assessment and intervention.Canadian Medical Association Journal,187(8), 575-581. doi:10.1503/cmaj.141329 Yan, E., Chan, K. L., Tiwari, A. (2015). A systematic review of prevalence and risk factors for elder abuse in Asia.Trauma, Violence, Abuse,16(2), 199-219. DOI: 10.1177/152483801455503

Views of Abdul Hamid II on politics and religion

When Abdul took over power, the European countries had already influenced the Ottoman Empire with secularization taking place in many sectors of the territory including politics and culture of the people. However, he immediately abolished the western culture by advocating for all Muslims and even for non-Muslims to join them into one Islamic state.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Views of Abdul Hamid II on politics and religion specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More He had ambitious objectives by uniting the Muslims because he had planned to them and the religion to enable him gain political powers especially over the European powers such as Russia. For instance, Abdul emphasized on counteraction of Russia’s efforts to influence the Balkans to free themselves from the Ottoman empire and join Christianity. However, his efforts failed as many Balkans were lost to the Europeans. He detested the Europeans and their Christianity such that he gave the Muslim leaders more powers so that they can be able to claim the Muslim population from the Europeans. Under the influence of Abdul, the unconverted Muslims became more reluctant to join Christianity but rather supported Abdul in his political activities. The presence of the European nations in the empire became a driving force for Pan-Islamism making it difficult for the Europeans to secularize the territory. However, the sultan later took over the position of Caliph as he was so determined to counter the secularization process in his empire. This gave him the opportunity to regain the powers of the Muslim leaders that had been lost due to the reforms that had taken place before he took over power. It is clear that sultan Abdul detested secularism n that is why he mobilized all Muslims against it not only to regain their culture but also to gain popularity politically especially in the European nations. Relations between Abdul and the European pow ers The relations between the Ottoman Empire and most European nations was not so easy but rather strained especially between France, Russia and UK. In his own opinion, Abdul demanded that his empire be treated as having equal powers with these European nations especially due to its high numbers of Muslims compared to Christians. Even though the sultan viewed his empire as modern, the Europeans always saw the empire as being uncivilized. However, Abdul had a different opinion of the Germans as he viewed them as possible allies to his empire. Abdul therefore developed a good relationship with the Germans as his empire hosted a number of German political leaders several times and some Germans were employed to help in reorganization of the empire as well with most of them being assigned to reorganize the finance sector of the empire. This made him to distrust his very own ministers and other political leaders as on the other hand, he promoted German’s friends especially with the construction of railways to allow accessibility of the empire and giving loans to the Germans to start operating in the Ottoman Empire. As this friendship continued and intensified, Abdul went to the extremes of giving Germans the Baghdad railway which they had always desired.Advertising Looking for essay on asian? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The result of Abdul’s actions towards Germans was the occurrence of World War I which was facilitated by the accessibility of the railway in question. Despite the fact that the empire had allied with German during the war, they were defeated and this became the cause of the empire’s fall during which time it dismantled (Chouinard, 2009, p. 1). Abdul’s conflicts with the Armenians Ever since sultan Abdul took over power, he always had low opinions of the Armenians as he described them as being from a lesser province which had been accused of many wrong doings. Und er Abdul’s rule, the Armenians were not able to exercise their rights like the other Ottoman civilians and this drove some Armenians especially those who were living in Europe and Russia to form association meant to fight for the right of their brothers back at home. Abdul even hired a military to deal with the Armenians in whatever way they wanted to including killing them. He also used his officials to oppress the Armenians especially in taxation rates. However, the Armenians were successful in their fight against the sultan’s regime which saw Abdul required to sign an agreement meant to terminate the oppression towards the Armenians. Despite all these efforts by the Armenians, the signed agreement was, however, never implemented and this made the Armenians gather to request for its implementation but sultan Abdul could not allow them so he sent Ottoman police to disperse the crowd. Soon after this, the Armenian killings occurred where a large number of Armenians wer e killed. As the empire’s sultan, Abdul II did not put efforts to try and stop the massacre and this failure to take action towards such humanity as well as his opinion towards the Armenians made him a primary suspect in ordering the killings although there was no prove that he did. This made Abdul appear as a dangerous assassin to the Europeans as well as a bloody sultan to the Armenians. Changes in the Ottoman Empire during Abdul’s rule Despite the fact that secularization by the European had already occurred when Abdul took over power as the sultan of the Ottoman Empire, he was able to get back the powers that the Muslim leaders had before the modernization. However, through his reforms, he destroyed the empires financial status leaving no public finances in the treasury something that the Europeans had improved for the better. As a result, national debts increased drastically and this forced him to seek assistance from foreigners in order to settle the debts. With time, the empire’s financial accounts were given over to the foreigners who had large bond shares in the empire’s revenue.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Views of Abdul Hamid II on politics and religion specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Abdul could be said to be selfish because during his succession as the sultan, he got to a point where he reduced the powers of his ministers to low levels such as secretary positions and took the administration of the Ottoman Empire all to himself so that he could control the every aspect of the empire. As a result, general disagreements within the empire increased especially with the Armenians and Greeks who lived in the Empire not satisfied with Abdul’s rule and decisions. Due to his desire to have authority over the empire and to bring in a new constitution made him loose trust in the supporters of reforms on the Ottoman navy and he ended up locking the l argest fleet in the Ottoman empire something which made his territory lose its territories overseas not only during his time as the sultan but even afterwards. Basically, the economy as well as the social life of the Ottoman people was destroyed during Abdul II’s rule as the sultan of the empire (Ahmed, 2010, p. 1). Reference List Ahmed, N. (2010). Sultan Abdul Hamid II. Retrieved from https://historyofislam.com/contents/resistance-and-reform/sultan-abdul-hamid-ii/ Chouinard, A. (2009). A response to Tanzimat: Sultan Abdul Hamid II and Pan-Islamism. Retrieved from http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/252/a-response-to-tanzimat-sultan-abdul-hamid-ii-and-pan-islamism This essay on Views of Abdul Hamid II on politics and religion was written and submitted by user Keith Ashley to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Images Of Vietnam essays

Images Of Vietnam essays The United States of America prides itself as the self proclaimed leader of the free world. Since the end of World War II the United States has chosen to use force in order to insure this so called freedom of other less fortunate nations who do not have the ability to defend themselves. According to the United States these infieor nations freedom, has been in jeopardy since the beging of the cold war. Websters dictionary defines a democracy as a government by the people; a form of government in which the supreme power is vested in people and exercised directly by them or by their elected agents under a free electoral system. Since the start of the cold war, the United States has undertaken the policy that if you are not a democracy than you are not truly free. *~The government wants use to think that a democracy is pure and good where as a communist society is corrupt and harmful. The fact remains both a forms governments to control the inhabitants and to lead them so that thei r life might become better.~* The United States gives its citizens the right to periodicly elect their leaders. When the United States entered Vietnam after the French lost the war in 1954, why did it feel, it was necessary to choose to fight the Ho Chi Men lead communists, without even allowing the Vietnamese people a chance to elect their own leader under a free parlimentory electoral system. The Secretary of Defense from 1961 to 1968 Robert McNamara saw the Vietnam conflict escalate from 100 American advisors in 1961 to over 275,000 troops during the time of his departure. Vietnam was caught in a revolution, not unlike the civil war, split in two, north versus south. The battle lines where drawn, the 17th parellel the boundry, the communist state split to the north and a democratic state to the south. However, Southeast Asia was considored one of the most sensitive places at this time durning the cold war. Therfore...

A Language Killer Essay Example for Free

A Language Killer Essay ? It is undeniable that English language is a powerful language. It is spoken in most part of the world especially in developed countries for instance the United States, Great Britain, and Canada. This is an inescapable process of globalization, the process of extending social relations across world-space. Globalization leads to the commonness of English in several fields such as science, technology, economy, politic etc. The result of this is English dominating the world and disregarding minority languages. That is why English language is often named as â€Å"a killer language† that wipes out smaller languages and their cultures by exclusive use. The phenomenon of the exclusive use of English is caused by the attitude of a person or a community toward English. This attitude cannot be directly observed, it can be seen from the expression of positive or negative feeling toward it. This attitude may enable a language to grow and prosper or to decay and die. In this case, while English as a global language is growing, other minority languages are dying. The prominent reason for English dominating the world is positive feeling of speakers toward it which reflects in degree of importance, elegance, and social status. For instance in the degree of importance, English holds an important role in education, technology, politic and economy. The speakers of it feel that it is important to be able to speak and understand English because a wide range of information is provided in English. Beside there is a common believe in countries where English is spoken as a second or foreign language that knowing English makes people clever, to speak English is all we needed, when someone speaks English we think he is educated, when someone speaks English it creates a good impression for him, speaking English helps to get a job, people who speak English have more friends, people would like to be considered as a speaker of English, if they have children they want them to speak English, and they feel sorry for people who cannot speak English. I myself also feel the same ways. Those kinds of feeling lead English become a dominating language on earth. The consequence of this attitude is English as international language will spread widely. English becomes such a need which is required to be fulfilled in today’s life. Everyone has to be able to understand English, both orally and written. While this is happening, on the other parts of the world there are some less powerful languages which are trying to survive or even dead. Regarding to this phenomenon, UNESCO classifies languages as follows: When the number of people speaking a language is actively growing, it is considered healthy. When children are no longer taught a language, it is considered endangered. When a language is spoken by only a handful of elderly people, it is considered moribund. When no one at all speaks a language as a first language, it is considered extinct. It is so sad to know that from thousands of languages on earth; almost half of people of the world speak one of six dominant languages, English, Mandarin Chinese, Hindustani, Spanish, Russian, and Arabic. The other small languages are left behind. It is very important to preserve languages in terms of protecting any cultures. If it not, the world will become monotonous. Even if English language is very influential, we should maintain our identity, our nationality, that we have our own language that we can be proud of. Language will just die if the people will obviously no longer use it, but preserving it is one way of showing to the whole world how united we are as a nation because language is a keystone of culture. A Language Killer. (2016, Oct 03).

Midterm Exam Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Midterm Exam - Assignment Example For instance, Companies that observe transparency and honesty have earned themselves a good reputation and gained a competitive well. Applying these guidelines ensure that no conflicts arise as a result of misinterpretations hence ensuring that conflicts will be avoided by all means (Julia, 26). Julia (31) outlines the guidelines for interpersonal communication is for one to develop a range of skills in communication so as to enhance their communication. One should also monitor their communication to ensure that they remain relevant, and the last guideline is the application of ethics in interpersonal communication. The physical needs, safety needs and need of belonging are the three needs that can be met through communication. This is because they involve interaction with other people and for these needs to be met communication must be enhanced. For instance, the need of self-belonging is the most important as everyone wants to feel wanted (Julia, 10). Accuracy of perceptions can be increased by avoiding to make assumptions and take the initiative to understand the other person. Avoiding to be bias and being open minded will also eliminate a lot of assumptions and provide information based on facts. Taking perceptions as being subjective rather than objective. One should also Distinguish facts from personal opinions will also lead to the accuracy of perceptions. For instance, an individual can be judged on the basis of their racial background with the assumption that people from a certain group have particular behavior. To ensure that accuracy is maintained, one should take one as an individual and understand them without making reference to their racial background (Julia, 31). One of the symbols of interpersonal communication is the society where ones social acts communicate a certain message. Self-image is also a symbol where people seek to improve their self- image and protect their reputation. Another symbol is the mind where people

Information Technology and Knowledge Management Dissertation

Information Technology and Knowledge Management - Dissertation Example As the research stresses information technology is one field in which KM plays an important role in the making or breaking of a company. It should be noted that all IT companies are striving for KM to increase their competitive power and brand value in the heavily competitive IT business world. No It company can survive in this world without updating their knowledge. In fact, the ability to update knowledge works positively in the development of an IT company. This paper analyses the literature to know more about the importance of knowledge management in Information technology industry. According to the report findings Boisot model of KM depend on three factors; codification, abstraction, and diffusion. â€Å"Codification refers to the way we make use of explicit knowledge. In a general formulation, codification is a process by which we create conceptual categories that facilitate the classification of events and phenomena†. Dalkir mentioned about the management of information and data in Boisot model. He has pointed out how Boisot model distinguishes information from data. â€Å"Information is what an observer will extract from data as a function of his or her expectation or prior knowledge. Effective knowledge sharing requires that senders and receivers share the context as well as the coding scheme†. In Boisot model of KM, the abstraction dimension is linked to knowledge creation through analysis and understanding whereas diffusion is linked to information access and transfer.

Free

Free Space Optical Communication Essay Free space optical communication is the most growing communication because it is easy to install and has a high speed because the signal is transmitted in the air. So that will introduce the atmospheric affect in the optical wave propagation. Atmospheric turbulence causes fluctuations in both the intensity and the phase of the received signal. So we need to study the effect and the limitation if we introduce a free space optical communication system with dual wavelength (980 nm, 1550 nm). Also studying the effect of turbulence when using two different wavelengths. Introduction Free space optical communication is a kind of communication that use light propagation to send data between two points. Free Space Optics are capable of up to 2.5 Gbps of data, voice and video communications through the air, allowing optical connectivity without requiring fiber-optic cable or securing spectrum licenses. So we can use LED’s or Laser for transmission data. Free Space Optics (FSO) technology is relatively simple. Its built on a laser transmitter and a receiver to provide full duplex capability. Each FSO unit uses a high-power optical source, a lens that transmits light through the atmosphere to another lens receiving the information. The receiving lens connects to a high-sensitivity receiver via optical fiber. Because the transmission in occurred in air it is easily upgradable. FSO send a light beam from one point to another using low power lasers in the teraHertz spectrum. This beam is transmitted by laser light focused on photon detector receivers. These receivers collect the photon stream and transmit digital data. If there is a clear line between the two point FSO can operate on a distance of several kilometers as long we have a powerful transmitter. Features of the laser communications system Information usually in the form of digital data, data is entered to be regulated by the laser source transmitting electronics. Coding techniques can be used directly or indirectly depending on the type of laser used. Output source passes through the optical system in the channel. The visual system usually involves the transfer, beam shaping, and the telescope optics. Beam receiver comes in through the optical system and passed to the detection and signal processing electronics. There is also a terminal control electronics that must manage gimbals guidelines and other mechanisms, and machinery, to maintain and track the acquisition of the operating system designed in the mass of the process. In order to communicate, you must have received enough energy by the detector to distinguish signal from noise. Laser power, optical transmission system losses, pointing out shortcomings of the system, transmitter and receiver antenna gains and losses, receiver, receiver and loss tracking, are all factors that force in the establishment of the receiver power. The required optical power is determined by data rate, detector sensitivity, configuration modes, noise, and detection methods. When the receiver is to detect the signals, it is in fact the decision-making regarding the nature of the signal (digital signal is sent when the distinction between the ones and zeros). There are two types of distributions: one when the signal present (including the amount of photocurrent due to the background and the current detector in the dark), and one when there is no signal present (including sources of no signal current only). A threshold must be developed to increase the success rate and reduces the error rate. Even when there is no signal present, the fluctuation sources of no signal lead periodically to the threshold to be exceeded. This is an error stating that the signal exists when there is no signal present. Distribution of signal may also fall on the other side of the threshold, so any errors stating that the signal is going to happen even when the signal is present. Security FSO systems work in the near infrared wavelength range slightly above the visible spectrum. So, the human eye cannot clearly see the transmission beam. The wavelength range is around 1 micrometer that is used in FSO transmission. The interception of FSO operating systems with narrow beam in the infrared spectral wavelength is by far the more difficult. Small diameter of the beam is usually only a few meters in diameter in the target site are one of the reasons that make it extremely difficult to intercept the communications of the FSO. Intruder must know the exact origin or target of the infrared beam and intercept only within a very narrow angle of beam propagation. Intercept packets directly from the FSO networks between remote locations is impossible mainly because the beam passes through the air usually at a higher altitude than at ground level. Due to the fact that the transmission beam is not visible, and that any attempts to block the beam can occur near the FSO point of acces s and the process of transition poses another obstacle. Capture the signal from the location that does not fall directly within the path of light with photons of light scattered from aerosols, fog, rain, or molecules that may be present in the atmosphere is almost impossible because of the energy levels are very low use infrared through FSO process transmission. The main reason for the exclusion of this possibility of intrusion is the fact that light is an ally and statistically isotropic in different directions from the path of the original propagation. This specific mechanism keeps the total number of photons or the amount of radiation that can potentially be collected on the detector that is not placed directly in the beam path beyond the detection level of noise. Atmospheric turbulence Atmospheric turbulence can destroy the performance of FSO systems. The changes in temperature and pressure in the atmosphere lead to changes of the refractive index along the transmission path. These changes can make the quality of received signal fade and causes fluctuations in the intensity and the phase of the received signal. These fluctuations can limit the performance of the system. The atmosphere is a viscous fluid and it has two state motions: 1) laminar (there is no mixing in the air molecules) 2) turbulent: (there is mixing that creates eddies). Atmospheric turbulence can be physically described by Kolmogorov theory. The energy of large eddies is redistributed without loss to eddies of decreasing size until finally dissipated by viscosity. The size of turbulence eddies normally ranges from a few millimeters to a few meters, denoted as the inner scale and the outer scale, respectively. So the index of refraction n is very sensitive to small scale temperature fluctuations (te mperature fluctuations are combined with turbulent mixing). So, the index of refraction is the most important in optical wave propagation. Because it behaves like a passive additive. So the spectrum of index of refraction can be described by Kolmogorove spectrum ÃŽ ¦n (ÃŽ º) = 0.033 Cn 2 ÃŽ º-11/3 , 1/L0 ÃŽ º 1/l0 Here in this model the variations in humidity and pressure are neglected. This model is the most model used in theoretical analyses but it is right only over wave number within the inertial subrange. To take into account the inner and outer scale effects, there is various models have been developed. Like Tatarskii and van Karman models. So all these models are useful for theoretical calculations but only inside the inertial range. They are not based on rigorous calculations outside the inertial range, but more on mathematical convenience and tractability. The modified atmospheric spectrum is the only model that features the high wave number rise prior to the dissipation range. ÃŽ ¦n (ÃŽ º) = 0.033 Cn 2 [1+1.802(ÃŽ º/ÃŽ ºl)-.254(ÃŽ º/ÃŽ ºl)7/6] x exp(-ÃŽ º2/ÃŽ º2 l)/(ÃŽ º2 + ÃŽ º20)11/6 , 0= ÃŽ º ∞ , ÃŽ ºl=3.3/l0 Experiment The experiment that we need to do is to use two laser sources with different wavelength (980 , 1550) and set the receivers about 2-4 km from the transmitter and start sending the signals. We will use the same signals in both transmitters. Then we will study the performance of the system and see if that help to receive the signal in more accurate way than using one transmitter. That will help us to see the effect of optical turbulence and atmospheric effects. So we will calculate the performance of the system and measure the atmospheric turbulence. So we need to ask some questions: What is the effect of optical turbulence? Is losing a part of one signal will be recovered by the other signal? Is that going to help the performance of the system? Is the pdf that we used in the transmitter side will be the same as the pdf in the receiver side? Light wave Light wave Receiver Receiver Transmitter Transmitter Transmitter Transmitter Receiver Receiver Read phonetically Dictionary Reference 1. Laser beam propagation through random media by Larry C. Andrews, Ronald L. Phillips. 2. Free space optical communications class notes. 3. http://www.seminarprojects.com/Thread-freespace-optics-full-report#ixzz1KfUtl5xP 4. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free-space_optical_communication

Internet Taxation :: Government Political Essays

Internet Taxation â€Å"Should We Tax the Internet?† was written in response to the recent findings of the Advisory Commission on Electronic Commerce in the May 2000 issue of The American Spectator. The argument is between the liberals and conservatives on the issue of whether or not to tax Internet purchases. The liberals believe that Internet purchases should be taxed so that state and local tax bases are not eroded because of increasing Internet purchases. On the other end the conservatives believe that Internet purchases should be kept tax-free, since tracking sales are completed and several states are involved with each purchase. George Gilder the author of â€Å"Should We Tax the Internet?† is extremely conservative in his views and is against all taxes. The article aims to convince its readers that Internet taxation is unlawful and should not implemented because of past tax increases results. To make Gilder’s arguments he uses logos arguments based on facts and reasons. Gilder implements his arguments into his article by relating the arguments to different peoples views and things. Gilder’s main argument is that â€Å"lower tax rates generate more revenue than higher ones† (Gilder 3). Through Gilder’s use of logos arguments, ethos arguments, and unique perspectives he makes an effective argument in favor of not implementing Internet taxes. Gilder starts off by attacking Republicans, which are traditional conservative, by saying that they suffer from the â€Å"tax-raising itch† (Gilder 1). He then moves on to say that two billionaires that he recently talked to are more afraid of a â€Å"reckless tax cut† than war or terrorism. Gilder is starting his argument off by using ethos argument by giving perspectives from high profile Silicon Valley cent millionaires. Gilder then goes onto to explain to his audience how taxes above a certain percent do not collect revenue. He does this by saying â€Å"that there has only been one advance since John Marshall opined that the power to tax is the power to destroy† (Gilder 3). John Marshall made this advance by showing that lower tax rates generate more revenues than higher ones. This is a logos argument, but is a fallacy because higher taxes would lead to higher revenues rather than lower taxes. Gilder then tries to make the argument that no tax rate above 20 percent collects revenue.

The Crucible Play Character Analysis

Throughout The Crucible there are good characters, bad characters and the characters who do not take action when action is required. Of these characters, close to all of them embodies one of the seven deadly sins. Of each of the seven, there is always one character that is the worst sinner of that particular vice.There are seven deadly sins but out of the seven there are two in particular that drives this play the most. In control of these sins is Abigail Williams, a young vengeful girl who used to work for the Proctor before being fired for supposedly having an affair with John Proctor. In Arthur Miller’s The Crucible, Abigail demonstrates envy and wrath in order to gain power over John Proctor. Ultimately, however, her intentions result in disastrous circumstances for both her and Proctor.In the play, Abigail is jealous of Elizabeth Proctor for having John Proctor as a husband and this is one of the main reasons she rains hell down on the city of Salem. Abigail’s envy gets the better of her, and throughout the whole play all, she wants is John by her side. Abigail goes to some extreme measure by plotting to kill Elizabeth and steal John for her own.In the beginning of the play, the girls are in the woods dancing, and Abigail drinks a vial of blood which is part of a ritual that Tituba is in charge of. This later leads the girls to worry that they may be in some major trouble; you can tell this when Betty says, â€Å"You drank blood, Abby! You didn't tell him that! You did, you did!You drank a charm to kill John Proctor's wife! You drank a charm to kill Goody Proctor!† (Miller 837). The reason Abigail drinks the blood is to complete the ritual to kill Elizabeth Proctor. Her plot to eliminate Elizabeth does not end there because she calls her a witch in court.In the play Abigail’s wrath is the thing that allows her to get away and out of trouble. Even though it’s her envy that drives her to do the things she does it is her wra th which allows her to get what she wants. Wrath is  vengeance or punishment as the consequence of anger and when Abigail gets angry or upset she starts calling people witches.Abigail still works for her power over John by calling Elizabeth a witch to get rid of her and then have John all to herself. When Proctor asks for the transactions of the court and threatens to whip Mary, she proclaims while pointing at Elizabeth â€Å"I saved her life today!† (Miller 854) We know that it was Abigail who accused Elizabeth of being a witch because of the fact she wants John and drank a blood charm to kill her.Close to the End of the play her intentions for both her and Proctor result in disastrous circumstances because John ends up being accused of witchcraft because of the twist of fate from Elizabeth lying about why she really fired Abigail. In the end it’s John who decides his fate by not signing the confession because he wants to keep his name clean for his kids.John also g oes on to say â€Å"How may I live without my name? I have given you my soul; leave me my name!† (Miller 886) This quote is one John’s last lines in the play meaning he dies for the sole purpose of his name. Abigail goes on to run away and become a prostitute, a fitting end for a whore.Abigail’s envy and wrath for John Proctor is ultimately a disastrous circumstance for both her and Proctor. In Abigail’s envy for John she ends up destroying the man she loves and raining hell on Salem. Abigail‘s wrath is also her passion, she loves tormenting people even the ones she loves.In the end everything is messed up, there is no order, no listening, no control, all because of Abigail and her deadly sins.

Marxist View on the Family

Marxists Views on the Family There are three Marxists views of the family, Karl Marx, Friedrich Engels and Eli Zaretsky; they all see all institutions such as education, the media and the family as maintaining class inequality and capitalism. Marxism is a as conflict perspective as it describes a form of inequality where groups could potentially competes for power. Modern Marxist agrees that: * Families socialise children to be obedient and hardworking, which benefits capitalists; * Wealth is passed down families, perpetuating inequalities; * Families are too privatised, discouraging wage-labourers from uniting against capitalism.Community living is preferable; * A communist society in which all means of production, such as farms and factories, are collectively owned and workers receive a fair share of the profits should replace private ownership of businesses. Marxist say the family has three main functions for capitalism: 1. Inheritance of property- Marx called the earliest classle ss society ‘primitive communism’ at this stage there was no such thing as family. As society developed private property became important.Engels said the patriarchal monogamous nuclear family emerged (male dominated). In order to ensure the legitimate heir inherited from them. Marx said with the overthrow of capitalism the means of production would be owned collectively so there would be no need for the nuclear family to exist as a means of transmitting private property down the generations. 2. Ideological Function (The idea that family brainwashes us into capitalism)- Marxists say the family persuades people to think of capitalism as a fair, natural and unchangeable system.Families socialise children into thinking that hierarchy and inequality are inevitable. The family prepares people to take orders at work. Zaretsky says people are encourages to think of the family as a haven from the outside world but this is largely an illusion. As even in the privacy of our home we can subject to state control. 3. A unit of consumption- The family is an important consumer of products and has a major role in generating profits for capitalism.Advertisers urge us to ‘keep up with the Jones’. They encourage ‘pester power’ from children. Children who don’t have the latest products may be bullied. Thus Marxists see the family as performing several functions for capitalist society: the inheritance of private property, socialisation into accepting inequality, and a source of profit. According to Marxists these may benefit capitalism but not members of the family.

The Inaugural Address of John F. Kennedy

The Inaugural Address of John F. Kennedy John Kennedys inaugural address is one of the most memorable political speeches of the past century. The young presidents reliance on biblical quotations, metaphors, parallelism, and antithesis recall some of the powerful speeches of Abraham Lincoln. The most famous line in Kennedys address (Ask not . . .) is a classic example of chiasmus. In his book White House Ghosts (Simon Schuster, 2008), journalist Robert Schlesinger (the son of historian Arthur Schlesinger, Jr., a Kennedy adviser) outlines some of the distinctive qualities of John Kennedys oratorical style: Short words and clauses were the order, with simplicity and clarity the goal. A self-described idealist without illusions, JFK preferred a cool, cerebral approach and had little use for florid expressions and complex prose. He liked alliteration, not solely for reasons of rhetoric but to reinforce the audiences recollection of his reasoning. His taste for contrapuntal phrasingnever negotiating out of fear but never fearing to negotiateillustrated his dislike of extreme opinions and options. As you read Kennedys speech, consider how his methods of expression contribute to the forcefulness of his message. The Inaugural Address of John F. Kennedy (January 20, 1961) Vice President Johnson, Mr. Speaker, Mr. Chief Justice, President Eisenhower, Vice President Nixon, President Truman, reverend clergy, fellow citizens, we observe today not a victory of party, but a celebration of freedomsymbolizing an end, as well as a beginningsignifying renewal, as well as change. For I have sworn before you and Almighty God the same solemn oath our forebears prescribed nearly a century and three-quarters ago. The world is very different now. For man holds in his mortal hands the power to abolish all forms of human poverty and all forms of human life. And yet the same revolutionary beliefs for which our forebears fought are still at issue around the globethe belief that the rights of man come not from the generosity of the state, but from the hand of God. We dare not forget today that we are the heirs of that first revolution. Let the word go forth from this time and place, to friend and foe alike, that the torch has been passed to a new generation of Americansborn in this century, tempered by war, disciplined by a hard and bitter peace, proud of our ancient heritage, and unwilling to witness or permit the slow undoing of those human rights to which this nation has always been committed, and to which we are committed today at home and around the world. Let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or ill, that we shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe, to assure the survival and the success of liberty. This much we pledgeand more. To those old allies whose cultural and spiritual origins we share, we pledge the loyalty of faithful friends. United there is little we cannot do in a host of cooperative ventures. Divided there is little we can dofor we dare not meet a powerful challenge at odds and split asunder. To those peoples in the huts and villages of half the globe struggling to break the bonds of mass misery, we pledge our best efforts to help them help themselves, for whatever period is requirednot because the Communists may be doing it, not because we seek their votes, but because it is right. If a free society cannot help the many who are poor, it cannot save the few who are rich. To our sister republics south of our border, we offer a special pledge: to convert our good words into good deeds, in a new alliance for progress, to assist free men and free governments in casting off the chains of poverty. But this peaceful revolution of hope cannot become the prey of hostile powers. Let all our neighbors know that we shall join with them to oppose aggression or subversion anywhere in the Americas. And let every other power know that this hemisphere intends to remain the master of its own house. To that world assembly of sovereign states, the United Nations, our last best hope in an age where the instruments of war have far outpaced the instruments of peace, we renew our pledge of supportto prevent it from becoming merely a forum for invective, to strengthen its shield of the new and the weakand to enlarge the area in which its writ may run. Finally, to those nations who would make themselves our adversary, we offer not a pledge but a request: that both sides begin anew the quest for peace, before the dark powers of destruction unleashed by science engulf all humanity in planned or accidental self-destruction. We dare not tempt them with weakness. For only when our arms are sufficient beyond doubt can we be certain beyond doubt that they will never be employed. But neither can two great and powerful groups of nations take comfort from our present courseboth sides overburdened by the cost of modern weapons, both rightly alarmed by the steady spread of the deadly atom, yet both racing to alter that uncertain balance of terror that stays the hand of mankinds final war. So let us begin anewremembering on both sides that civility is not a sign of weakness, and sincerity is always subject to proof. Let us never negotiate out of fear, but let us never fear to negotiate. Let both sides explore what problems unite us instead of belaboring those problems which divide us. Let both sides, for the first time, formulate serious and precise proposals for the inspection and control of arms, and bring the absolute power to destroy other nations under the absolute control of all nations. Let both sides seek to invoke the wonders of science instead of its terrors. Together let us explore the stars, conquer the deserts, eradicate disease, tap the ocean depths, and encourage the arts and commerce. Let both sides unite to heed, in all corners of the earth, the command of Isaiahto undo the heavy burdens, and to let the oppressed go free. And, if a beachhead of cooperation may push back the jungle of suspicion, let both sides join in creating a new endeavornot a new balance of power, but a new world of lawwhere the strong are just and the weak secure and the peace preserved. All this will not be finished in the first one hundred days. Nor will it be finished in the first one thousand days, nor in the life of this administration, nor even perhaps in our lifetime on this planet. But let us begin. In your hands, my fellow citizens, more than mine, will rest the final success or failure of our course. Since this country was founded, each generation of Americans has been summoned to give testimony to its national loyalty. The graves of young Americans who answered the call to service surround the globe. Now the trumpet summons us againnot as a call to bear arms, though arms we neednot as a call to battle, though embattled we arebut a call to bear the burden of a long twilight struggle, year in and year out, rejoicing in hope; patient in tribulation, a struggle against the common enemies of man: tyranny, poverty, disease, and war itself. Can we forge against these enemies a grand and global alliance, North and South, East and West, that can assure a more fruitful life for all mankind? Will you join in that historic effort? In the long history of the world, only a few generations have been granted the role of defending freedom in its hour of maximum danger. I do not shrink from this responsibilityI welcome it. I do not believe that any of us would exchange places with any other people or any other generation. The energy, the faith, the devotion which we bring to this endeavor will light our country and all who serve it. And the glow from that fire can truly light the world. And so, my fellow Americans, ask not what your country can do for youask what you can do for your country. My fellow citizens of the world, ask not what America will do for you, but what together we can do for the freedom of man. Finally, whether you are citizens of America or citizens of the world, ask of us here the same high standards of strength and sacrifice which we ask of you. With a good conscience our only sure reward, with history the final judge of our deeds, let us go forth to lead the land we love, asking his blessing and his help, but knowing that here on earth Gods work must truly be our own. NEXT: Ted Sorensen on the Kennedy Style of Speech-Writing

Domestic Violence Issues Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Domestic Violence Issues - Essay Example the manifestations of violence within what should be a loving relationship to fully understand the horror to which victims are subjected and the need for adequate protection to be provided by both the civil and the criminal justice systems. Perpetrators and Victims Domestic violence is conceived of primarily as a problem of men's abuse of women. Although researchers have documented abuse within same sex relationships4 and although there is evidence that, in a comparatively small number of cases, women abuse men5, the available research suggests that domestic violence is overwhelmingly directed by men against women6. The prior relationship between victims and defendants is most apparent in crimes against women. Men are more likely then women to experience violent victimization. But the nature of these events differs greatly. Women are about six times more likely than men to experience violence committed by an intimate. The prior relationship between victim and offender causes particular problems for law enforcement officials in the area of domestic violence. Domestic Violence: Literary Review Violence in the context of intimate relationships encapsulates may types of abuse: emotional/psychological, physical, sexual and economic. Such abuse can occur within married, separated and divorced relationships or among single people living together or simply dating one another. Many enduring and dysfunctional aspects contribute to the violence that occurs, so it is important to examine how abusive episodes emerge within the context of the ongoing relationship. Of all the crimes reported to the British Crime Survey in 2000, more than 1 in 20 was classified as domestic violence. Survey reports of...A. Stanko (1989), 'Policing Men's Violence: An Introduction' in J. Hanmer, J. Radford and E. A. Stanko (eds), Women, Policing and Male Violence: International Perspectives, London and New York, Routledge Cook, B., David, F. & Grant, A. 1999, Victims' Needs, Victims' Rights: Policies and programs for victims of crime in Australia, Research and Public Policy Series No. 19, Australian Institute of Criminology, Canberra.

Analysis of the Monster by Eminem ft. Rihanna Essay

Analysis of the Monster by Eminem ft. Rihanna - Essay Example This "Analysis of the â€Å"Monster† by Eminem ft. Rihanna" essay analyses and identifying the arguments and thesis of the video called "The Monster" which is sung by Eminem and Rihanna. He repeatedly identifies himself to be the Monster. He even uses the reminder of his relationship with the Monster in the chorus to allude to how effectively his ego has inflated, as well as, how tormenting it can to deal with his fame at times. â€Å"†¦I think I’m getting so huge I need a shrink. I’m beginning to lose sleep; one sheep, two sheep. Going cuckoo and cooky as Kool Keith†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Line 13-15). The lyrics depict the theme of egoism and fame that makes artists thrive in the music industry. Meanwhile the monster under the bed as portrayed in the song depicts the inner voice that drives the artists in their singing.Though, it is devilish it is like a hidden power that makes an artist unique from others. It is a fact that every human being will enjoy recognition, the key source of happiness for different artists as it determines their survival that their ego develops. Once a person is established well, this ego conflicts with the natural occurring minds, therefore, delineate between the two distinct voices that are portrayed in the song. â€Å"To intervene between me and this monster†¦ And save me from myself and all this conflict†. Everyone knows how treacherous it may be in overwhelming the single-mind based voices. Therefore, it can be tricky and disturbing in sleeping as a minor ailment amongst a two or many voice environment as portrayed by Eminem.